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Power, Sex, Suicide, Nick Lane’s excellent book on mitochondria,
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A percentage of electrons will leak from the electron transport chain and form what is called reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are molecules that contain oxygen atoms that have gained one or more unpaired electrons, making them very unstable. These highly reactive atoms form potentially destructive free radicals. You are likely familiar with the term free radicals. You may even believe that they are universally dangerous and supplement with antioxidants to neutralize them. (I will explain why this isn’t necessarily so in just a few moments.) Free radicals react with other molecules in what are known as oxidation reactions in order to neutralize their unstable electrical charge. Oxidation is essentially “biological rusting.” It creates a snowball effect—as molecules steal electrons from one another, each one becomes a new free radical, leaving behind a trail of biological carnage. This rapidly expanding horde of free radicals
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But it is also true that free radicals play a role in health and not just disease. Under normal physiological conditions, they actually play many very valuable roles in your body. They regulate many crucial cellular functions, such as the creation of melatonin and nitric oxide, and the optimization of important metabolic signaling pathways that regulate functions such as hunger, fat storage, and aging. They act as natural biological signals that respond to environmental stressors such as toxins and chemicals in cigarette smoke and the environment. They are responsible for the anticancer effects of pro-oxidative chemotherapy drugs. They play a role in the beneficial effects of exercise, as your body produces more free radicals when you exercise, simply due to the increase in mitochondrial energy production.
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It’s not ROS in general that are harmful; it’s ROS in excess that are damaging to your health.
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One example of the adverse consequences of excessive antioxidants would be the neutralization of the desirable ROS in cancer cell mitochondria. When these free radicals build up, they cause cancer cells to self-destruct via apoptosis (automatic programmed cell death).
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However, high dose IV vitamin C or oral liposomal C is used by many integrative cancer physicians to treat cancer as the vitamin C turns to hydrogen peroxide, which kills many cancer cells.
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your mitochondria’s exposure to oxidative damage drops by as much as 30 to 40 percent compared to when your primary source of fuel is sugar, as is typical in American diets today.
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One turn-of-the-century article from Popular Science summed up perfectly the process of taking cottonseed oil from waste bin to table: “What was garbage in 1860 was fertilizer in 1870, cattle feed in 1880, and table food and many things else in 1890.”7
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nearly all vegetable oils, is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), meaning that it has multiple (which is what “poly” means) double bonds between atoms in its molecular structure (meaning the atoms are “unsaturated”). These double bonds are vulnerable to attack by free radicals, which then cause damage to the molecule. When you eat too many PUFAs, they are increasingly incorporated into your cell membranes. Because these fats are unstable, your cells become fragile and prone to oxidation, which leads to all sorts of health problems, such as chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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This is why hydrogenated fats were first heralded as a godsend: they eliminated the vulnerable double bonds and made vegetable oils shelf stable.
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There are two main ways glyphosate damages your mitochondria: The first involves manganese, a mineral that our bodies need in small amounts for healthy bones, immune function, and neutralization of free radicals. Glyphosate binds manganese and many other important minerals in plants sprayed with Roundup, with the result that a creature that eats the plants will not get the benefit of these minerals. Glyphosate can also bind to and deplete these minerals from your body. This is a problem because your mitochondria require manganese to convert superoxide, a potentially harmful by-product of oxygen metabolism, into water. This is a critical process that protects your mitochondria from oxidative damage. Without manganese, this mechanism is severely compromised. Glyphosate also interferes with ATP production by affecting your mitochondrial membranes. When coupled with the so-called inert solvents included in Roundup, the toxicity of glyphosate is magnified as much as 2,000-fold.20 This makes the membrane more permeable, allowing the glyphosate to go straight to the heart of the mitochondria.
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Keys’s wife, a medical technologist, conducted an informal study on the Neapolitans’ serum levels of cholesterol and “found them to be very low except among members of the Rotary Club”—the class of people who could afford to eat meat.
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Keys also used his connections and influence to join the nutrition committee of the American Heart Association (AHA), which, based on Keys’s input, issued a report in 1961 that counseled patients with a high risk of heart disease to cut down on saturated fat.24 (It’s distressing to note that the AHA began its rise to prominence in 1948, the same year Procter & Gamble donated over $1.7 million to it25—making the AHA seriously indebted to the makers of Crisco.)
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As noted in Open Heart, “Recommendations were made for 276 million people following secondary studies of 2467 males, which reported identical all-cause mortality. RCT evidence did not support the introduction of dietary fat guidelines.”
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Synthetic trans fat also increases small, dense LDL. Saturated fat, on the other hand, increases large, fluffy—and benign—LDL.
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And here’s another fact that might blow your mind: eating saturated fat may change the small, dense LDL in your body into the healthier large, fluffy LDL!47, 48
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Indeed, it’s now known that saturated fats provide a number of important health benefits, including the following: Providing building blocks for cell membranes, hormones, and hormone-like substances Mineral absorption, such as calcium Acting as carriers for important fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K Conversion of carotene into vitamin A Helping lower cholesterol levels (palmitic and stearic acids) Acting as antiviral agent (caprylic acid) Optimal fuel for your brain when fats are converted to ketones Helping you feel full and satisfied—meaning you’re less likely to feel the need to snack on processed foods that may be in high in flavor but low in nutrients Modulating genetic regulation and helping prevent cancer (butyric acid) Increasing your LDL levels, but this is largely an increase in large fluffy particles that are not associated with an increased risk of heart disease Boosting your HDL levels, which more than compensates for any increase in LDL Serving to fuel mitochondria and produce far fewer free radicals than carbs
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mechanistic (formerly known as mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR)—a primary metabolic regulatory pathway that I cover more extensively in Chapter 3. When mTOR is activated, it fuels growth and regeneration, and its activity can enhance cellular maintenance and repair. MMT suppresses the inhibition (down-regulation) of this mTOR pathway, and as a result, stimulates autophagy and mitophagy.
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Research has shown that shifting to a fat-burning diet spurs mitochondrial biogenesis—at least in a rodent model.
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Ketones share a close structural similarity to branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and your body prefers them over BCAAs. That gives ketones a profoundly powerful protein-sparing effect, allowing you to consume lower quantities of protein while retaining or even building your muscle mass.18 Additionally, BCAAs are a potent stimulus of the mTOR molecular signaling pathway, a very important metabolic pathway that is often overactive in disease states, including cancer. So when you maintain nutritional ketosis you also inhibit mTOR, and reduced activity here is associated with improvements in health span and longevity.19 (However, mTOR has a positive role, especially in the young, as a potent stimulator of muscle protein synthesis. Many competitive athletes and bodybuilders seek to activate this pathway at the expense of the longevity-enhancing benefits of inhibiting mTOR.)20
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Studies suggest that ketones provide important protective benefits for brain cells that are exposed to hydrogen peroxide—a common presence in the brains of people with neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.21 Hydrogen peroxide converts to the dangerous hydroxyl free radical when your iron levels are high, as we will discuss in Chapter 4. So you will get more benefit from ketones when your iron levels are optimized.
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Ketones up-regulate (increase) mitochondrial biogenesis in your brain22—meaning that they help your body improve its capacity to produce more energy by increasing the number of mitochondria.
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As I mentioned in the Introduction, Dr. Rosedale has been one of my primary nutritional mentors,
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Instead, the latest science suggests that this phenomenon may actually result more from reduced protein intake—specifically the reduced intake of the amino acid methionine, high levels of which are found in meats.
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methionine is a methyl donor for one of the most important antioxidants you have, glutathione.
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On the other hand, if your body perceives a famine, an array of protective and regenerative mechanisms are switched on, ensuring our species’s survival through lean times in order to fulfill the biological imperative to reproduce.
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Human growth hormone (HGH) acts as a messenger for IGF-1. Once released by your pituitary, HGH stimulates the manufacture and release of IGF-1, which is responsible for most of the anabolic and growth effects attributed to HGH. Critically, IGF-1 tells your body to grow by instructing cells to reproduce. But this process, which results in a stronger organism, comes with a high price tag. Like insulin, IGF-1 is a powerful stimulus of aging, evidenced by studies showing that animals that produce less IGF-1 live significantly longer, less disease-ridden lives compared to those that produce high levels of the hormone.
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mTOR, which I first described in Chapter 2, is a complex ancient protein that serves as your body’s most important nutrient signaling pathway. It was only recently discovered during the process of developing the potent cancer drug rapamycin from a bacterium that was discovered on Easter Island in the late 1960s.5 Most physicians learn nothing about this vital pathway during their training, but it is the key muscle-building mechanism in all mammals. When mTOR is not stimulated, it instructs the cell to turn on the array of repair and maintenance processes at its disposal, including autophagy (cleaning up cellular debris), DNA repair, and activating intracellular antioxidants and heat-shock proteins (HSPs). When it is activated, most typically by excess protein, it cues the cell to grow and proliferate; it also suppresses most cellular and mitochondrial repair and regeneration mechanisms.
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If you maintain low levels of glucose, excess amino acids, insulin, and growth factors (like IGF-1), you will inhibit mTOR, thereby allowing the up-regulation of gene expression that promotes cellular and mitochondrial maintenance and repair.
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Of all the nutrients that stimulate mTOR, amino acids—which are derived from protein—are the most potent. Stimulating mTOR by eating large amounts of protein is also one of the quickest ways to suppress cellular and mitochondrial autophagy, which prevents your body from effectively cleaning out debris and damaged cells.
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Virtually all cancers are associated with mTOR activation, and inhibiting mTOR with drugs, such as rapamycin, for which mTOR is named, is a common and highly effective anticancer treatment.
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One of the normal products of mitochondrial respiration is hydrogen peroxide. Yes, the same one you can buy at the drugstore to clean infections. The hydrogen peroxide that is produced within your mitochondria as a normal part of ATP generation is healthy and necessary to regulate a variety of metabolic pathways. The problem occurs when your iron levels are too high. Through a process called the Fenton reaction, excess iron acts as a catalyst and transforms the relatively harmless hydrogen peroxide to hydroxyl free radical (OH-). Without question, this is one of the most dangerous reactions that occur within your body because the hydroxyl free radical decimates mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and membranes. It also contributes to increased inflammation throughout your body, which is a precursor to all manner of chronic diseases.
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In addition to damaging your mitochondria and contributing to genetic mutations, excess iron negatively impacts health in the following ways: Promotion of growth of pathogens. Iron facilitates growth. For this reason, it is essential for children to have enough iron in their bodies to sustain growth throughout childhood. Yet excessive iron in the body also facilitates growth of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and protozoa4 and makes your body a hospitable environment for microorganisms that can threaten your health. Obesity. The rise in supplemental iron intake over the last 70 years—beginning with the fortification of foods—correlates with rising obesity rates. Remember, iron is a growth factor. So just as low iron levels in pregnant women are associated with low birth weight babies, so are increased iron levels associated with weight gain.5, 6 Studies have shown that obese people are likely to have elevated levels of ferritin.7 A large epidemiological study of adult men from Korea recently showed that moderately elevated levels of serum ferritin8 predicted future weight gain, obesity, and even severe obesity. So if you picked up this book because you are struggling to lose the extra pounds you’ve gained, you have yet another reason to suspect that your failure to lose weight is not simply due to your diet or exercise regimen. Diabetes. Iron is believed to influence blood glucose and insulin levels,9 and there is a correlation between serum ferritin levels and type 2 diabetes: In the Nurses’ Health Study, which followed 30,000 disease-free men and women, elevated serum ferritin was associated with a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes.10 Men with high iron stores were 2.4 times as likely to have type 2 diabetes as men with lower iron stores. Donating blood may also be beneficial in reducing your risk of developing diabetes, as frequent blood donors have been shown to have better insulin sensitivity and a decreased risk of diabetes.11 Cardiovascular disease. The same Nurses’ Health Study also found that those who had donated blood were 50 percent less likely to have a stroke or heart attack. Iron likely plays a role in heart disease by participating in the oxidation of LDL and damage of endothelial cells, both of which contribute to atherosclerosis.12, 13 Since the 1980s, researchers have hypothesized that gender differences in iron levels could explain the higher prevalence of heart disease in men. Pathologist Dr. Jerome Sullivan first posited the theory in a paper published in The Lancet titled “Iron and the Sex Difference in Heart Disease Risk.” The Nurses’ Health Study found that women’s risk of heart disease rose significantly after they either went through menopause naturally or had a hysterectomy—in other words, when they stopped excreting iron through menstruation each month—suggesting that there is a link between iron levels and cardiovascular disease.14 Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease…
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Test Reference Range27 Serum ferritin Men: 20–200 ng/mL (nanogram per milliliter) Women: 15–150 ng/mL Serum iron 60–170 mcg/dL (micrograms per deciliter) Total iron binding capacity 240– 450 mcg/dL Transferrin saturation 20–50 percent The most important test, serum ferritin, measures the amount of ferritin in your blood. The next two lab tests are used to calculate the transferrin saturation: serum iron, which measures the amount of circulating iron, and total iron binding capacity, which measures the ability of the transferrin molecule to carry iron.28 Please understand that the recommendation is for a serum ferritin test and not a serum iron or total iron binding capacity test, both of which can be normal
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Ferritin Level Donation schedule 250 ng/mL Donate every two months if possible
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Decrease iron absorption—carefully—in the following ways: Drink black tea, which inhibits iron absorption by up to 95 percent (the same cannot be said for green, white, or herbal teas). Take calcium, as calcium inhibits iron absorption. If you take any supplemental calcium, it is best to consume it with the meal that has the most iron in it. Drink red wine, which inhibits absorption of about 65 percent of the iron in foods. Drink coffee, which has an effect similar to black tea, with a strong impact on inhibiting absorption of iron from food.32 Go for periods without consuming food, as in my recommended Peak Fasting (see for more information). This increases hepcidin, a hormone that reduces the absorption of iron from food.33 Exercise regularly, as it changes the way your body absorbs iron by lowering overall uptake, which may explain why athletes are more prone to iron deficiency.34
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Caution: Individuals with liver cancer, elevated liver enzymes, extensive liver metastases, or liver disease should not use MCT oil. However, they can still use coconut oil.
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Cancer fighting. Avocatin B, a type of fat found in avocados, has been found to combat acute myeloid leukemia, which is a particularly rare and deadly form of cancer. The avocado fat was able to wipe out the leukemia stem cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed.8 Avocados are also rich in cancer-fighting carotenoids, which are most plentiful in the dark-green portion of the flesh that’s closest to the skin.
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To offset some of their cost, purchase them when they are on sale—choose ones that are green and rock hard. You can keep them in the fridge for up to three weeks; simply take them out two days before you want to eat them to allow them to ripen and soften.
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Anticancer activity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in olives, as well as other anticancer compounds, make them useful for cancer prevention. For instance, compounds in olives and olive oil have been found to activate the tumor suppressor gene and apoptotic gene, which induces programmed cell death.9 Anti-aging benefits. Tyrosol, a phenol found in extra virgin olive oil, has been found to increase life span and resistance to stress in roundworms.10 Oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol (another antioxidant), and squalene in olives may also help protect your skin against the radiation in ultraviolet (UV) light; oleuropein in particular has been found to act as a skin protector and has direct antioxidant action on your skin.11
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The best choices of nuts in your MMT plan are raw, organic macadamia nuts and pecans because they have the lowest amounts of carbs and protein and the highest amounts of fat. If you want to include other nuts, please confirm that they will not create an imbalance in your omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio. Roasted nuts are tasty, but high heat is known to damage nutrients in nuts, including decreasing the availability of beneficial fats and amino acids.24
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For example, when you eat too much of the most common omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid, unstable fatty acids get integrated into and disrupt your cardiolipin—a major lipid component of mitochondrial membranes. When mitochondrial cell membranes are compromised, mitochondrial metabolism and energy production is seriously impaired.25 And please don’t confuse linoleic with linolenic, as the latter is actually exactly what cardiolipin needs.
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Linoleic acid’s pro-inflammatory effect is not limited to mitochondrial membranes. In a 2013 study, excess linoleic acid appeared to exert a pro-inflammatory effect on cartilage. In patients with osteoarthritis, the presence of linoleic acid in the cartilage stimulated an inflammatory response, while oleic acid (monounsaturated) and palmitic acid (saturated) appeared to protect against cartilage destruction. This suggests that there may be a link between consuming high levels of linoleic acid and cartilage damage
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that does that is from Quicksilver Scientific (https://www.quicksilverscientific.com/mercury-testing/testing/mercury-tri-test
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HS-CRP. This test measures the amount of a protein called C-reactive protein (CRP) in your blood. CRP measures general levels of inflammation in your body. There
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An EIM device, such as the Skulpt Aim Fitness Tracker—a handheld gadget about the size of a pack of cigarettes that you hold on a few different sites on your body—uses a current that is optimized to flow through fat as well as provide feedback about the quality of your muscles.
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you (visit http://www.bodpod.com/en/cosmed-offices to search for locations), and a single visit generally costs around $50. Also, you will need follow-up
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Gallbladder obstruction or removal. One can easily compensate for the lack of a gallbladder though with the use of lipase and ox bile supplements. So a gallbladder removal does not eliminate one from using a high fat diet.
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potassium citrate. And everyone on MMT should stay well hydrated, drinking plenty of filtered tap water each day.
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Good Online Sources of High-Fat, Low-Carb, Moderate-Protein Recipes http://www.ketodietapp.com (search for “60 amazing fat bombs”) http://www.ruled.me http://www.ketogenic-diet-resource.com http://www.charliefoundation.org
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Also, many new studies show that vitamin K2 (as MK-7) will radically reduce nighttime muscle cramps, so it is best to take the K2 before bedtime.
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The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance, researchers Jeff Volek, Ph.D. and R.D., and Stephen Phinney, M.D. and Ph.D.,
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Look for a supplement with pancreatin, which contains lipase. Ox bile is another supplement that will help emulsify the fat and allow you to better absorb it.
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L-carnitine is a transporter for long-chain fatty acids, ferrying them across the inner mitochondrial membrane where they are oxidized for energy. If it’s not in plentiful supply, your mitochondria will still use ketones and medium-chain fats, but oxidation of longer-chain fats slows down. Carnitine can be the key that unlocks that gate. (The jury is out as to whether
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Foundation: 1 teaspoon to 1 tablespoon MCT oil (depending on tolerance) ½ to 1 avocado (depending on preference) 1 scoop organic greens powder 1 tablespoon organic whole-husk psyllium 1 to 3 ounces frozen organic fruit 1 to 3 droppers full of stevia (to taste) 2 tablespoons raw organic cocoa butter 1 tablespoon organic chia seeds 1 tablespoon flax seeds (soaked overnight) Optional add-ins: 1 tablespoon black cumin or black sesame seeds (soaked overnight)
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Your target magnesium to calcium ratio is 1:1.
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Many factors influence why you will reap health benefits if you develop the habit of not eating within three hours of bedtime: When you are sleeping, your energy needs are at their lowest, and providing excess fuel at this time will result in the production of excessive amounts of damaging free radicals. Sleep is your body’s time for detox and repair, and needing to digest a meal during sleep will impair these important processes. Nighttime is a common time for your body to use ketones for energy, since glycogen stores are typically depleted within 18 hours (13 hours if you are eating low carb), and eating too close to bedtime can replenish glycogen stores and prevent the body from burning fat for overnight fuel. Not eating for at least three hours before bed enables you to extend that period of time without eating food on a daily basis, making Peak Fasting an easy and rewarding way of life. A
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DHA is the only fat we know of that is capable of accepting the sun’s photons and converting them to DC electric current. This is called the photoelectric effect, and Einstein received a Nobel Prize in 1921 for this discovery. The current that is created helps structure the water in your cells in a process that makes water molecules better organized and thus better able to penetrate your cells. This provides for superior hydration and helps the water molecules store a charge that will provide fuel for your mitochondria. One of the other functions of ultraviolet radiation is that it stimulates the production of nitric oxide in your skin, which can dilate blood vessels and shunt up to 60 percent of the blood flow to the surface of the skin, where the solar radiation can be more easily transferred to the blood. It’s ultraviolet B radiation that influences vitamin D production, but the other wavelengths provide important functions too. I’ll discuss the power of red and infrared light next.
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Most infrared saunas are far infrared, and while that is useful, especially for detox, it is incomplete. The near-infrared wavelengths, especially 800 to 850 nanometers, are what cytochrome c oxidase, the fourth protein in the electron transport chain in your mitochondria, resonates with. This is important if you hope to optimize your ATP and cellular energy production.
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If you are purchasing a sauna, make sure the manufacturer supplies you with third-party analysis that shows you have levels of near infrared in the 800 to 850 nm range that are just as high as the far infrared. Most saunas have far-infrared levels that are 20 times higher than near infrared. So be careful and do your homework before making an important health investment like a low-EMF full-spectrum infrared sauna. The heat from
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Studies clearly show that blue exposure from LED or fluorescents increases ROS in the retina, but this is only problematic (i.e., potentially damage causing) when the blue light comes from an artificial source.
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But even better than f.lux is Iris, which is far easier to use and can provide much better blue light filtering; it can be obtained at http://iristech.co/iris-mini/.
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Exercise increases mitochondrial biogenesis by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha), a long mouthful of a name for the most important stimulus for mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Exercise also activates a powerful signaling mechanism called adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1alpha up-regulation and simultaneously triggers the destruction of existing defective mitochondria through mitophagy.
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Cold stress helps your body burn fat as its primary fuel because regular cold exposure increases your stores of brown fat—a particular type of fat that is far more effectively used for fuel than the more prevalent white fat.
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when exposing yourself to cold you also make a cold-shock protein known as RNA-binding motif 3, or RBM3, in your brain. Animal studies have shown that RBM3 can help ward off Alzheimer’s disease,5 suggesting that cold therapy can also have neuroprotective effects in addition to boosting your mitochondria, aiding in fat loss, and resolving leptin resistance.
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To understand the true power of berberine—and why it now vies for a position as one of the most potent supplements anywhere—it’s important to understand AMPK. Active components in berberine result in many of the same benefits as cleaning up your diet and exercising more, and they do so primarily by activating AMPK, one of the few nondrug compounds known to do so. AMPK is an important nutrient-sensing pathway that is inversely associated with mTOR levels. So when you have high insulin, leptin, or IGF-1, it increases mTOR and correspondingly decreases AMPK. If done chronically, this is not good for your health. Conversely, when you have low insulin, IGF-1, and leptin levels, you inhibit mTOR and activate AMPK, which pushes your biology in the healthy direction. AMPK also plays an important role in regulating metabolism by normalizing lipid, glucose, and energy imbalances as well as playing an active role in cellular repair and maintenance. When AMPK is activated, it helps you burn fats more effectively. Berberine also boosts brown fat activity. Brown fat is a type of fat that burns energy instead of storing it. It is loaded with mitochondria, which is why it is brown, and those mitochondria are responsible for converting fat directly to energy to produce heat. Berberine also: Acts as a powerful antioxidant, scavenging free radicals Stimulates the clearance of glucose from your bloodstream Inhibits glucose production in your liver Improves insulin sensitivity Displays significant anticancer activity against multiple cancer cell types in many signaling network pathways Berberine has a short half-life, so if you’re interested in using this supplement, you generally need to take it three times a day to keep blood levels stable. Many studies have looked at dosages of 900 to 1,500 mg per day, which you could break down into 300 to 500 mg three times a day before meals.
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Ubiquinol is one of the few fat-soluble antioxidants, meaning it works in the fat portions of your body, such as your cell membranes, to mop up ROS—those potentially harmful by-products of the metabolic process. Taking this supplement can protect your mitochondrial
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Ideally, you’ll want to work with your physician to determine your best dose. Your doctor can do a blood test to measure your CoQ10 levels, or do an organic acid test, which would tell you whether your dose is high enough to keep you within a healthy range.
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One note of caution about statins and MMT: If you’re on statins and following MMT, it’s important to know that HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that statins reduce, also plays a role in the production of ketones. So when you’re taking a statin drug, you also severely and profoundly interfere with your liver’s ability to make ketones. Even if you start taking ubiquinol, you still have to address the fact that your ability to convert fats to ketones is seriously impaired. If you are dedicated to trying MMT, you may want to work with your doctor to get off statins. Another important note: Because both are mitochondrial antioxidants, ubiquinol and CoQ10 may work against chemotherapy drugs, so please be aware of this if you are seeking to treat cancer with nutritional ketosis. The increased activity of CoQ10 within the electron transport chain may increase cancer cell mitochondrial energy production, contributing to the increased likelihood of inducing intrinsic recycling (apoptosis) of cancer cells. The anticancer intervention is to avoid oral antioxidants vitamin C, most forms of vitamin E, most forms of selenium, and importantly, N-acetyl-cysteine, as adding this antioxidant produces increased cancer cell mitochondrial strength and confers survival advantage to the cancer cell mitochondria.
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The RDA is around 310 to 420 mg depending on your age and sex, although some researchers believe we may need as much as 600 to 900 mg/day for optimal health.
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My personal preference is magnesium threonate because it appears to be most effective at penetrating cell membranes, including mitochondrial membranes, which can help boost your energy level. It also crosses your blood-brain barrier and may help
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Deep natural springs (use findaspring.com to find one near you) Cooling it to about 39 degrees Fahrenheit (about 4 degrees centigrade) Stirring the water with a spoon in a circular jar to create a vortex, or purchasing a vortex machine for this purpose Eating or juicing raw vegetables (as vegetables are loaded with structured water but tend to lose it once they are cooked or heated)
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